In the coastal enclave of Timor-Leste’s Oecussi-Ambeno, Lulik is a revered system of law outlining the sacred rules and regulations guiding relationships between people and nature, ancestors and the cosmos. Lulik is deeply rooted in Timor-Leste’s ancestral belief system and defines moral standards, principles of indigenous stewardship of the land and other core values. Uma Lulik (sacred houses), once scattered across Timor-Leste before the Indonesian occupation, encapsulate this belief, and vary in form according to region.

In Oecussi, because these structures are a place for spirits, they have no windows. Great attention, however, is given to the carvings decorating the sacred spaces’ doors. The Uma Lulik are themselves a type of door, symbolising an opening between past and present, the dead and the living, the people and the land.

In recent years, Oecussi artist Mariano Lafu has begun to create non-sacred doors as works of art, including references to ancestor spirits and animals with totemic significance. They are painted with a special mixture of soot (from the chimney of the Uma Lulik) and honey water that gives them a black, ashen surface. Along with a group of ancestor figures, such as male and female Liurai (rulers) and human and animal spirits, these objects and figures highlight the extraordinary skill and knowledge of the artist and the cultural heritage of his community.